The Concept of Justice Free Essays

string(156) an individual taking part in shamefulness will undoubtedly get affluent in physical qualities, he comes up short on the principal ethics and attributes of a decent man. Socrates and Aristotle both have differentiating perspectives on the idea of equity which serves to impact their ideas of a perfect constitution. The theoretical, theoretical thoughts of Socrates will be thoroughly analyzed with the commonsense, tactile ones of Aristotle in issues concerning equity and governmental issues. Both Aristotle and Socrates can't help contradicting respects to the meaning of equity and what characteristics are ascribed to a fair individual. We will compose a custom paper test on The Concept of Justice or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now As per Aristotle, an equitable individual must adhere to the law and forgo covetousness. In the assessment of Socrates, voracity comprises of taking more than what is required to endure. He focuses on the significance of judiciousness and restraint in the lives of a fair individual. Aristotle, in any case, expresses that a ravenous individual is somebody who doesn't comprehend the contrast between taking what is acceptable and what isn't acceptable. A well off individual can likewise be simply. Aristotle gives two unique sorts of equity which he marks distributive and rectifactory equity. Distributive equity is worried about the circulation of cash, respect, and different assets among the individuals who have an offer in open association. Equity is of the best significance while circulating products. Rectifactory equity concerns exchanges between people in which the two gatherings commonly trade merchandise or administrations. Through both of these methods Aristotle looks to give equity in the composed law of his polis which is dedicated to the benefit of all. Nonetheless, Socrates sees equity as the amicable pieces of the individual or of a city. A simply man, in this way, is in the perfect spot and putting forth a valiant effort to play out his capacity. He asserts that the capacity of an individual is pondering, governing, living, and dealing with things. The thoughts of Aristotle vary incredibly from this point of view. He expresses that the human capacity is to perform exercises that express explanation. Socrates sees his optimal city where each individual plays out their capacity. His perspectives relate to the network where an individual lives while Aristotle’s sees are increasingly individualistic as somebody who communicates reason in his rationale can do as such without others or his locale. In the Republic, Socrates endeavors to show his perspectives with the anecdote of the boat. The low city resembles an untamed sea maintained by an incredible yet inebriated chief (speaking to the uninformed ordinary citizens), a gathering of dishonest guides (lawmakers), and a pilot (the savant). The main way the boat will arrive at its goal, the great, is if the guide assumes responsibility. Scholars, who are admirers of insight, should govern in light of the fact that they comprehend what is acceptable and just. It is additionally the assessment of Socrates that individuals who have been the survivors of shamefulness are bound to become vile themselves. He can't help contradicting the idea that returning obligations owed, helping companions, and hurting foes are not appropriate purposes behind doing bad form: â€Å"So in the event that somebody reveals to us it is simply to provide for every what he is owed and comprehends by this that a simply man should hurt his adversaries and advantage his companions, the person who says it isn't insightful. That is to say, what he says isn't correct. For it has gotten clear to us that it is never just to hurt anyone† (Plato, Republic, 335e). A savvy individual would comprehend that it isn't helpful to his spirit to do foul play just to his adversaries. A savvy individual, as per Socrates could never hurt anybody. He keeps up that a benevolent just ruler judges what is best for his kin and holds their inclinations in more prominent regard than his companions or family: â€Å"†¦ No one in any situation of rule†¦ considers or charges what is beneficial for himself, yet what is invaluable for his subjects† (Plato, Republic, 342e). A ruler who performs demonstrations of foul play is, essentially, increasingly inclined to debasement and oppression. Along these lines he gives expanded help to his contention concerning thinkers as leaders of the polis. Socrates and Aristotle likewise vary in their conclusions with regards to which type of government is ideal to run the polis. Socrates shields the thought that the city would best be administered by the savant rulers; a gathering of individuals who had persevered through thorough mental and physical preparing for most of their lives. They would administer all together or a government. Aristotle perceives the way that it is workable for a government to decline into an oppression, which is the most noticeably terrible conceivable state. He suggests the development of a country or a vote based system as the lesser of two disasters. Socrates draws a barely recognizable difference among numbness and astuteness. It is, actually, perceiving what one doesn't know from what one knows. In this manner, in the event that one can't perceive the prudence of equity, one must be supposed to be uninformed: â€Å"†¦ if equity is without a doubt astuteness and goodness, it will be anything but difficult to appear, I assume, that it is more grounded than foul play, since treachery is ignorance† (Plato, Republic, 351a). Insight is without a doubt the more regarded when contrasted and numbness and thus equity must be preferred regarded over foul play. Be that as it may, Socrates is gone up against with contentions for treachery. He endeavors to guard equity as being more beneficial than bad form: â€Å"†¦ that to do foul play is normally acceptable and to endure treachery bad†¦ The best is to do unfairness without taking care of the punishment; the most exceedingly terrible is to endure it without taking revenge† (Plato, Republic, 358e). At the end of the day, it is satisfactory and urged for somebody to perform demonstrations of foul play as long as he isn't discovered and doesn't endure the results. Assuming be that as it may, a demonstration of treachery is done against somebody, it is the obligation of the casualty to render retribution on him. Socrates calls attention to that this game-plan drives just to immaterial material addition. Thrasymachus claims that submitting demonstrations of treachery without being gotten is increasingly beneficial to one’s notoriety and would permit one to accomplish more. Socrates recognizes that albeit an individual participating in treachery will in all likelihood become rich in physical qualities, he does not have the essential excellencies and attributes of a decent man. You read The Concept of Justice in class Exposition models The righteousness of something is the state or property that makes it great. For example, the ideals of a man may incorporate his insight, mental fortitude, or feeling of equity. Equity, for this situation, is an ethical conduct which is said to have a place with upright individuals. Along these lines, equity itself is an excellence. Thrasymachus’ contention has no legitimacy on the grounds that a man who endeavors to accomplish more by getting material riches through submitting demonstrations of shamefulness does not have the more regarded ideals of insight and equity. It is likewise the assessment of Socrates that simply individuals are more joyful and live preferred lives over unfair ones. He is, obviously, discussing the joy of the spirit as opposed to its shell, the body. Much as the uprightness of the eyes is to see and the prudence of the ears to hear, the excellence of the spirit is equity: â€Å"†¦ ustice is a soul’s righteousness and equity its vice† (Plato, Republic, 353e). It is increasingly gainful for an individual to be simply than treacherous, as he will be giving his spirit its goodness and in this manner carrying on with a cheerful life. Better is the poor man with a decent only soul than the rich man who has made his riches through bad habit with a polluted soul. In any case, it must be called attention to that in spite of the fact that Socrates asserts that equity prompts bliss, he denies the leaders of his city of joy, however they should be prepared in equity and astuteness. As Aristotle states: â€Å"†¦ ven however Socrates denies the watchmen of their bliss, he says that the lawmaker should make the entire city-state upbeat. In any case, it is incomprehensible for the entire to be glad except if all, most, are a portion of its parts are happy† (Aristotle, Politics, 1264b). Socrates thought it was pivotal that the watchmen were not given the kind of satisfaction which would no longer make them gatekeepers. For a potter who is given gems and wealth no longer practices the specialty of stoneware as is not, at this point thought about a potter. In like manner, a gatekeeper must not be given riches or natural solaces however stay content with his job. Aristotle contends that regardless of whether the watchman class is distraught, it is incomprehensible for the skilled workers, ranchers, and lower classes to be upbeat. Without bliss, there is no equity. Socrates likewise asserts that simply individuals can cooperate so as to accomplish a shared objective. He keeps up that simply individuals cooperating can get along without doing shamefulness among themselves: â€Å"†¦ simply individuals are savvier and better and progressively equipped for acting, while out of line ones are not even ready to act together† (Plato, Republic, 352c). Bad form causes groups, abhorrences, and squabbles among individuals and companions. A band of burglars with a typical out of line reason would not have the option to accomplish it on the off chance that they are treacherous among themselves. Foul play gives conditions in which it is outlandish for individuals to cooperate. Thusly, bad form forestalls the various pieces of the spirit from cooperating toward a shared objective. On account of companionship and equity, Socrates and Aristotle appear to be in shared accord. Aristotle accepts companionship and comradeship to be one of the key segments of having a decent existence. He saw equity as the impartiality or reasonableness in relational relations. Highminded propensities can be gained inside an ethical network which at last prompts an upright and good life. Socrates accepts that the idea of the state is similar to with the idea of the individual and the idea of the spirit. The spirit contains

Birth Control: History, Methods and Issues

Anti-conception medication: History, Methods and Issues David Anti-conception medication Presentation How astounding would it be in the event that we lived in a perfect world where individuals can pick whether to get pregnant after unprotected sex and have no Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD) are illnesses that has a high opportunity to be transmitted between people by sex, for example, yet not constrained to: â€Å"vaginal intercourse, butt-centric sex, oral sex, etc.†[1] Well lamentably there is no ideal world. In any case, we have anti-conception medication strategies that can forestall pregnancy and Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). Conception prevention is the act of keeping a lady from gaining pregnant.[2] Birth power is an issue in the public eye that needs more consideration, just on the grounds that it prompts more issues, for example, â€Å"teen pregnancy, fetus removal, overpopulation, STD, etc.† History of Birth Control Conception prevention was first utilized in the 1550 B.C by an Egyptian original copy called the Ebers Papyrus. It gives ladies bearings on the most proficient method to blend dates, acacia and nectar into a glue, spread it over the vagina and use it to forestall pregnancy. [3] During the 1700s, the principal condoms were being tested. It went from sheep-bladder condoms to the utilization of a large portion of a lemon as a temporary cervical top. [4] The primary ever elastic condoms were designed in 1839 by Charles Goodyear. In 1873, United States of America is the main Western country to condemn contraception. During the 1800s a huge cervical top in developed.[5] In 1954, John Rock led the first since forever conception prevention pill and tried it on 50 ladies. In 1960 the FDA affirmed the utilization of anti-conception medication pills however much to their dismay that practically a large portion of a million U.S ladies are as of now utilizing it.[6] Presently we have further developed conception prevention techniques. An ever increasing number of individuals are utilizing anti-conception medication to forestall undesirable pregnancy. Techniques for Birth Control On the planet today there are different approaches to forestall pregnancy and a great deal of them are exceptionally compelling and safe. From sheep bladder condoms to too thin latex condoms. We consider that to be ass innovation is improving, anti-conception medication techniques are getting increasingly more progressed simultaneously. There are anti-conception medication strategies that are â€Å"natural† and don't include any pills, condoms, and so on. Forbearance is a characteristic contraception strategy, this is a technique that doesn’t include having intercourse with an accomplice. Couples may appreciate different sorts of sexual exercises that don't prompt the female getting pregnant.[7] This strategy is 100% viable and safe on the grounds that there is no communication between a penis and a vagina. So also to restraint outercourse is additionally a characteristic conception prevention technique. Outercourse incorporates any sort of sexual movement that doesn’t include vaginal intercourse and penetration.[8] It is additionally 100% compelling and safe since it doesn’t include any cooperation between a penis and a vagina. The withdrawal (pull out) technique in the other hand is a characteristic anti-conception medication strategy that include sex. A man will haul his penis out of the vagina before discharge. Discharge is the point at which the semen sprays out of the penis.[9] This technique can forestall p regnancy yet has the hazard to be determined to have Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). There are different conception prevention techniques that include the utilization of pills, substances, and items. Conception prevention pills are notable all through the world. There are numerous kinds of contraception pills, some are powerful and some are most certainly not. An anti-conception medication pill keeps the egg from leaving the ovaries. It makes the cervical bodily fluid thicker so the sperm is blocked and can’t reach the egg.[10] There is another sort of contraception pill yet this one is for crisis use. It is known as a next day contraceptive. Subsequent to having unprotected sex, inside this 5 days taking this crisis contraception pill will forestall pregnancy. It can take as long as six days for the sperm and egg to meet in the wake of engaging in sexual relations so this pill can forestall pregnancy. This pill keeps the woman’s ovary from discharging egg for longer than usual.[11] Condoms are made of meager latex or plastic that has been formed like a penis. During sex it is worn on the penis. Condoms can forestall pregnancy and lower the danger of getting Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). At the point when a man discharges the condom gathers the semen so it forestalls the sperm entering the vagina.[12] There are likewise condoms for ladies. It works precisely equivalent to the condom worn by men, it gathers the semen and forestalls it entering the vagina. The female condom is embedded somewhere inside the vagina. The ring at the shut end holds the pocket in the vagina to hinder the semen entering the vagina. The ring at the open end remains outside the vaginal opening during intercourse where the man embeds his penis in.[13] There are objects that is embedded into the women’s vagina to forestall pregnancy when no condom is utilized during sex. They all have likenesses being used. Some of them contain spermicide. Spermicide has synthetic compounds that can prevent a sperm from moving to keep it from getting together with the egg.[14] For instance, the contraception wipe contains spermicide. It is delicate, round, and two inch in breadth. It is made out of plastic foam.[15] Before sexaul intercourse, the conception prevention wipe is embedded somewhere inside the woman’s vagina. At the point when the man discharges in the vagina, the sperm will be obstructed by the conception prevention sponge.[16] And will be consumed by the wipe. The stomach is an arch formed cup with an adaptable rim.[17] It is made out of silicone and it is set on the cervix to obstruct the opening of the uterus.[18] The spermicide prevents the sperm from moving so preparation won't occur. There are some that don’t have spermicide. For instance, the cervical top. The cervical top is a silicone cup that has a state of a mariners hat.[19] Woman embeds it into their vagina and over their cervix. [20]The cervical top hinders the uterus from opening so the sperm can't prepare the egg.[21] There are anti-conception medication strategies where hormones (Estrogen) are discharged into the body that forestalls pregnancy. The conception prevention embed is a meager, adaptable plastic embed about the size of a matchstick.[22] It is embedded under the skin of the upper arm. [23]It can forestall pregnancy for 3 three years. [24]Estrogen is discharged which forestalls pregnancy. The anti-conception medication fix is like the anti-conception medication embed. It likewise discharges estrogen into the body. Be that as it may, the contraception fix is a flimsy plastic fix that adheres to the skin like a bandage.[25] Once every week the fix must be swapped by another fix for three weeks then there will be a fix free week.[26] The conception prevention shot is an infusion of hormones (Progestin) into the body to forestall pregnancy. Each shot forestalls pregnancy for three months.[27] We see that there are for the most part contraception techniques for females. Guys just wear condoms to forestall pregnancy. So now individuals are beginning to create male conception preventions. Another male contraception strategy is being created. It is called Vasalgel; it is an infusion not a pill. It obstructs the cylinder where the sperm swim through from the testicle.[28] A man can have unprotected sex and won’t discharge. Be that as it may, the infusion must be taken simply over the testicles.[29] The Vasalgel is still in its beginning times of advancement, it has just been tried on monkeys and rabbits.[30] No individual has ever attempted it yet. The cost isn't yet set, yet the Foundation noticed that Vasalgel isn't more than $800. At the end of the day, on the off chance that you can bear the cost of an iPhone 6, you can manage the cost of this new male birth control.[31] Anti-conception medication accompanies reactions as well. Predominantly the hormone-based conception prevention frequently accompanies symptoms that can extend from small irritating to where you get terminated up.[32] The contraception that includes embeddings objects into a woman’s vagina has reactions, for example, vaginal infection.[33] The anti-conception medication pill can cause migraines, discombobulation, and bosom delicacy. As indicated by Hilda Hutcherson, MD, an ob-gyn educator at Columbia University.[34] These reactions will leave in the wake of taking the pill for a while.[35] Queasiness is for the most part brought about by the contraception patch.[36] According to Hilda Hutcherson, MD, an ob-gyn teacher at Columbia University. Changing to oral conception prevention techniques can help decline nausea.[37] Diminished sexual want is brought about by the contraception pill.[38] According to Hilda Hutcherson, MD, an ob-gyn teacher at Columbia University. Changing to different kinds of anti-conception medication pills may help yet on the off chance that not change to other methods.[39] Emotional episodes are brought about by hormonal anti-conception medication methods.[40] Changing to nonhormal techniques will help decline mind-set swings.[41] All hormonal strategies are probably going to cause mind-set swings.[42] Family Planning in Thailand Since Thailand is a buddhist nation anti-conception medication pills and condoms are the more best and satisfactory methods.[43] Condoms are top picks among Thais. Since condoms don’t simply forestall pregnancy yet in addition forestalls STDs.[44] According to Mechai Viravaidya, a legislator in Thailand, the Buddhist sacred writings state that numerous births cause enduring, so Buddhism isn't against conception prevention. Furthermore, we even end up with priests sprinkling heavenly water on pills and condoms for the sacredness of the family before items went out into the villages.[45] Mechai has been known as â€Å"Mr.Condom† in Thailand.[46] He carried attention to condoms, anti-conception medication, and AIDS. Before he would giveaway condoms each valentine day.[47]From the time he started his crusade, the normal number of youngsters in Thai families has diminished from 7 to 1.5.[48] We can see that the number diminished drastically. This is one reason why Thailand i sn't overpopulated. Conception prevention in China China has the most populace on the planet 1,366,990,000.[49] It takes up

The Best Books in Every State List List #275

The Best Books in Every State List List #275 Sponsored by OverDrive. Meet Libby, a new app built with love for readers to discover and enjoy eBooks and audiobooks from your library. Created by OverDrive and inspired by library users, Libby was designed to get people reading as quickly and seamlessly as possible. Libby is a one-tap reading app for your library who is a good friend always ready to go to the library with you. One-tap to borrow, one-tap to read, and one-tap to return to your library or bookshelf to begin your next great book. Travel+Leisure, The Best Books Based in Every State at Signature, 11 of the Best Shirley Jackson Books at Unbound Worlds, 7 Japanese Horror Novels at Brightly, 17 New Authors of Color Writing Much-Needed Stories for Kids at Off the Shelf, 13 Autumnal Books at BuzzFeed, 23 Goosebumps Books Youll Still Find Terrifying at Bustle, 11 Memoirs Perfect For Literary Fiction-Lovers at Literary Hub, Scary Literary Fiction for People Who Hate Horror   at Electric Lit, 12 New Book Covers Created for Sherlock Holmes’ 125th Anniversary at Lee Low Blog, 7 Children’s Books for National Bullying Prevention Month at The New York Times, Sex, Politics and the Banned Books of 2016 at Read it Forward, 8 Books Issa Rae Recommends on Instagram

Genetically Modified Foods - 1693 Words

Genetically modified foods (GM) are foods that come from organisms whose genetic material has been modified in a way that is not natural. Introducing a gene from a different organism to foods is an example of a way that genetic modification is used. This type of genetic engineering involves altering, transferring, and recombining genes from disparate organisms. It is said that genetic modification is to be one of the most advanced uses of technology to ever been devised. There are two common food genetic modifications one is for herbicide tolerance and the other is adding a gene from soil bacteria. In order to give plants herbicide tolerance they are given a gene to protect them from herbicides that a farmer uses to kill off weeds. The added trait from soil bacteria is called Bacillus thuringiensis and this allows plants to produce their own insecticide. In today’s day and age GM foods stem mostly from plants, but it is said that in the future GM microorganisms and animals are likely to be introduced to the market. (World Health Organization) Development of GM Crops The development of genetically modified organisms started with an Augustinian monk named Gregor Mendel in the mid 1800’s. Mendel carried out experiments with pea plants which he came to the conclusion that these plants pass on hereditary traits from one generation to the next. It was not until the 1900’s when scientists developed early ideas around biotechnology. (Tucker) The discovery of DNAShow MoreRelatedGenetically Foods : Genetically Modified Foods1239 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically Modified Foods â€Å"70 percent of our corn farmland and 93 percent of soy farmland are planted with crops genetically engineered to resist pests and herbicides and increase crop yields. 60% of all the processed foods in the United States are genetically modified; a shocking statistic has the concern of many Americans. However, most people are uninformed about the beneficial impact that genetically modified food has on their diet. GM is the use of molecular biology technology to modify theRead MoreGenetically Modified Food : Modified Foods1165 Words   |  5 PagesCheenne 09/21/2014 Genetically Modified Food Accompany the growing population in the world and food shortages, in order to alleviate the immediate crisis, transgenic technology began to be used in the field of food production. Genetic engineering technology as a young technology, which gives us a lot of genetically modified food and gained unprecedented gains. But science is a double-edged sword. People are concern the topic about that whether genetically modified foods is safety. It is evidentlyRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Food947 Words   |  4 PagesAs genetically modified food appeared into people’s consciousness, it had been at the center of vehement controversy. Because people lack information about genetically modified food’s potential influence, they wonder whether genetically modified food is a miracle or not. Genetically modified food can solve several problems. The potential effects of genetically modified food also should be measured. However, people should not assume that genetic ally modified food only has disadvantages, but understandRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods822 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically Modified Foods What is it that we are eating? 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Information is, in fact, available on these genetically modified products, but they have to be sought out. TheRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1101 Words   |  4 Pages Ever wondered what has been put into everyday food and what the impact is on human health? Approximately 60-80 % of everyday food has one ingredient made from genetically modified foods. When hearing â€Å"genetically modified food† people automatically think it is only bad for health, but there is also a good impact surprisingly. The one bad thing is that people do not know what types food have been modified because the re are no labels for GMO products. Even though GMOs have a bad impact on humanRead MoreWhat Are Genetically Modified Foods?1236 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are genetically-modified foods? The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1787 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Genetically Modified Food ‘With genetically modified foods I believe we have reached the thin edge of the wedge, we are messing with the building blocks of life and its scary’ - Malcom Walker, Chairman and Chief Executive of Iceland Foods (Quotes from Scientists). Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are plants or animals made by splicing the gene and inserting DNA from different species of plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. These genes would not naturally result in a cross breed.Read MoreGenetically Modified Food1213 Words   |  5 PagesThis report evaluate about the genetically modified food that why we need this, what are its key issues and how we can overcome these issues? In the field of biotechnology, the vast development was observed in the last few decades comprising the manipulation of genetic material to generate animal and plants with certain desirable attributes. Genetically Modified/Manipulated Organisms frequently termed as GMOs, refer to organisms whose genetic material has been modified through recombinant DNA (rDNA)Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods1928 Words   |  8 PagesAre genetically modified foods assessed differently from traditional foods? Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) are known to cause a swarm of controversy; a lot of experts disagree with the notion that if it’s economically successful, then the potential health risks found in Genetically Modified Foods can be overlooked. The questions someone must ask themselves is this, can the Genetically Modified Foods be helpful? Does money matter more than your health? Ask yourself these questions. But before

The Flawed Prison System of America - 1039 Words

The Unites States of America’s prison system is a flawed mess. To open the eyes of our government we must first take a stand against unlawful government decisions, and show support for the greater good of society. What are our own tax-dollars paying for, what are the flaws in the justice/prison system, why is overcrowding in prisons causing tension, and what are ways our society and government can rebuild the system that has been destroyed over the years? Most criminals in prisons are not a danger to our society because they commit crimes just to use jail as a shelter, causing the overcrowding of prisons and wasting away of what we really should be paying for. Our government deceives our perspective, causing taxpayers to just give their†¦show more content†¦To put it in another way, it is to reduce the flow of new prisoners into the system, reserving that for the more serious offenders. Therefore, if we reduce the overcrowding rate, what are we going to do with all th e criminals not headed to jail or prison? Well, that brings us to step four: realizing the benefits of the alternatives to incarceration. Because building prisons puts a terrible strain on most state’s budgets, taxpayers have been more willing to consider programs that might cost less- as long as they also control and punish crimes appropriately. Alternatives saves the taxpayers money along with strengthening families and communities by keeping them together and allowing criminals to contribute to the community like paying taxes and getting a job.(Alternatives, 2) 77% of adults believe alternatives are the best way to deal with non-violent and non-serious offenders. Alternative promote good behavior by advertising the possibility of â€Å"good-time credits† which allow prisoners to reduce their sentence with good behavior. (Overcrowding, 1) These types of benefits will surely make an impact on our society for the better. Furthermore, these benefits will only become effective if the alternatives stay consistent and strict. Naming and accepting the alternative possibilities is step five to changing our justiceShow MoreRelatedA Credible Approach For Criminal Convictions981 Words   |  4 PagesEven though America’s prisons are illustrated as a credible approach for individuals and institutions to bring justice, it has done a poor job to properly convict people for criminal acts and instances of violence, and to provide victim’s with satisfaction for due justice. Karakatsanis further evaluates upon the process of convictions in America. For instance, he examines the techniques that help support a court verdict, when he writes, â€Å"For many decades, American courts have allowed criminal convictionsRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin recent decades, violent crimes in the United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some fo rm of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the United States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more than 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, HillaryRead MoreThe Modern Prison System And The American Government System1530 Words   |  7 Pagesin. This is no different in the correction industry, one of the least funded areas in the American government system. 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This paper will be base for explaining how the PIC works and what really goes on behind all the barbed wire and armed guards. â€Å"The term ‘Prison Industrial Complex’ was firstRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment Article Addresses The Psychology Of Power Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe Stanford Prison Experiment article addresses the psychology of power by studying a model of the prisoner and guard relationship as represented by the American penal system. The authors, through a unique experiment involving volunteers who would play the roles of guards and prisoners in a somewhat realistic prison setting, hoped to provide empirical scientific evidence and information proving that th e American penal system is not only dysfunctional and inherently flawed, but causes real and lastingRead MoreThe American Criminal Justice System1398 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice system is arguably one of the most fair systems in the world. However, like anything it has its flaws. There are many flaws but the largest three, in my opinion, would be the fact that we have the highest incarceration rate of any other country, the high penalties for drug users, as well as the jury system. The high incarceration rates and the penalties for drug users affect each other but they are still issues on their own. In fact, many of issues within our system coincide withinRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1403 Words   |  6 Pageswhen he was accused of a crime that he did not commit but really it was Bobby Poole who was an exact image of him; he had to spend 11 years of his life in prison before getting his life back. (Weinberg 358-359). Flaws such as this in our justice sys tem are a reason why abolishing the death penalty is still a controversial debate. The legal system is there to defend the cries of the innocent, yet it cannot seem to determine who the innocents are. Until the voice of its people can be defended, the deathRead MoreThe Flawed Drug Policy of America1691 Words   |  7 PagesAmericas Flawed Drug Policy Introduction: As a major policy issue in the United States, the War on Drugs has been one of the most monumental failures on modern record. At a cost of billions of taxpayer dollars, thousands of lives lost and many thousands of others ruined by untreated addiction or incarceration, Americas policy orientation concerning drug laws is due for reconsideration. Indeed, the very philosophical orientation of the War on Drugs and of the current drug policy in the UnitedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1603 Words   |  7 Pagesis an unfair, inhumane, unconstitutional, and irreversible punishment that’s much too severe and is an unfit punishment for a fair and just society. Internationally, the U.S. ranks fifth in terms of the number of prisoners put to death, putting America in such ill-esteemed company as the regimes of China, Iran, North Korea, and Yemen. Not only is the death penalty wrong, but also it’s unfair to. Each state has their own laws when it comes to the death penalty, some states don’t even have theRead MoreEssay on Legalization of Prostitution1607 Words   |  7 Pagesenforced crime that costs America large sums of money (Chittom 1). Contrary to what many think though, this crime isn’t illegal in all of America. Though illegal in the majority of America, it is legalized in the state of Rhode Island, as well as in several rural counties in Nevada (2). With the current way that prostitution is in America, it often makes people consider how it is elsewhere and if a different system of treatment would be more fitting. While being a crime in America, prostitution is legal

Mumbai Dabbawalah Free Essays

————————————————- Dabbawala From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mumbai Dabbahwalas A  dabbawala  (Marathi:   ); also spelled as  dabbawalla  or  dabbawallah; literally meaning (â€Å"box person†), is a person in  India, most commonly found in the city of  Mumbai, who is employed in a unique service industry whose primary business is collecting freshly cooked food in  lunch boxes  from the residences of the  office workers  (mostly in the suburbs), delivering it to their respective workplaces and returning the empty boxes back to the customer’s residence by using various modes of transport. Tiffin† is an old-fashioned English word for a light lunch or afternoon snack, and sometimes, by extension, for the box it is carried in. For this reason, the  dabbawalas are sometimes called  Tiffin Wallahs. We will write a custom essay sample on Mumbai Dabbawalah or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Etymology and historical roots * 1. 1  The Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Trust * 2  Supply chain * 2. 1  Appearance and coding * 2. 2  Uninterrupted services * 3  Economic analysis * 3. 1  Awards and recognition * 4  In Media * 5  References * 6  Further reading * 7  External links| ————————————————- edit]Etymology and historical roots A  dabba, or Indian-style tiffin box. The word â€Å"Dabbawala† in  Marathi  when literally translated, means â€Å"one who carries a box†. â€Å"Dabba† means a box (usually a cylindrical tin or aluminium container), while â€Å"wala† is a suffix, denoting a doer or holder of the preceding word. [1]  The closest meaning of the  Dabbawala  in English would be the â€Å"lunch box delivery man†. Though this profession seems to be simple, it is actually a highly specialized service in Mumbai which is over a century old and has become integral to the cultural life of this city. The concept of the  dabbawala  originated when India was under  British rule. Many British people who came to the  colony  did not like the local food, so a service was set up to bring lunch to these people in their workplace straight from their home. Nowadays, although Indian businesspersons are the main  customers  for the dabbawalas, increasingly affluent families employ them instead for lunch delivery to their school-aged children. Even though the services provided might include cooking, it primarily consists of only delivery either home-made or in that latter case, food ordered from a restaurant. edit]The Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Trust This service originated in 1880. In 1890, Mahadeo Havaji Bachche and Ananth Mandra Reddy started a lunch delivery service with about 100 men. [2]In 1930, he informally attempted to unionize the  dabbawallas. Later a charitable trust was registered in 1956 under the name of  Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Trust. The co mmercial arm of this trust was registered in 1968 as  Mumbai Tiffin Box Supplier’s Association. The present President of the association is Raghunath Medge. Nowadays, the service often includes cooking of food in addition to the delivery. ———————————————— [edit]Supply chain A collecting Dabbawala on a bicycle Mumbai is a very densely populated  city of millions  with huge flows of  traffic. Because of this, lengthy commutes to workplaces are common, with many workers traveling by train. Instead of going home for  lunch  or paying for a meal and eating out every day in a  cafe, many office workers have a cooked meal sent either from their home, or sometimes from a caterer who essentially cooks and delivers the meal in lunch boxes and then have the empty lunch boxes collected and re-sent the same day. This is usually done for a monthly fee of about 450 Indian rupees. The meal is  cookedin the morning and sent in lunch boxes carried by dabbawalas, who have a complex association and hierarchy across the city. Dabbawalas in action at a  Mumbai Suburban Railway  station. A  collecting dabbawala, usually on  bicycle, collects dabbas either from a worker’s home or from the dabba makers. As many of the carriers are illiterate, the dabbas have some sort of distinguishing mark on them, such as a colour or group of symbols. The dabbawala then takes them to a designated sorting place, where he and other collecting dabbawalas sort (and sometimes bundle) the lunch boxes into groups. The grouped boxes are put in the coaches of  trains, with markings to identify the destination of the box (usually there is a designated car for the boxes). The markings include the  railway station  to unload the boxes and the building address where the box has to be delivered. At each station, boxes are handed over to a  local dabbawala, who delivers them. The empty boxes are collected after lunch or the next day and sent back to the respective houses. edit]Appearance and coding Markings: (1) abbreviations for collection points, (2) colour code for starting station, (3) number for destination station and (4) markings for handling dabbawala at destination, building and floor. [3] A typical  dabbawala  lunch. It was estimated in 2007 that the dabbawala industry was still growing by 5-10%  per annum. [4] Although t he service remains essentially low-tech, with the delivery men as the prime movers, the dabbawalas have started to embrace technology, and now allow tanuj wadhi for delivery through  SMS. 5]  An on-line poll on the web site ensures that customer feedback is given pride of place. The success of the system depends on teamwork and time management. Such is the dedication and commitment of the barely literate and barefoot delivery men (there are only a few delivery women) who form links in the extensive delivery chain, that there is no system of documentation at all. A simple colour-coding system doubles as an ID system for the destination and recipient. There are no multiple elaborate layers of management either — just three layers. Each dabbawala is also required to contribute a minimum capital in kind, in the form of two bicycles, a wooden crate for the tiffins, white cotton  kurta-pyjamas, and the white trademarkGandhi cap  (topi). The return on capital is ensured by monthly division of the earnings of each unit. [edit]Uninterrupted services The service is almost always uninterrupted, even on the days of severe weather such as  monsoons. The local dabbawalas and population know each other well, and often form bonds of trust. Dabbawalas are generally well accustomed to the local areas they cater to, and use shortcuts and other low profile routes to deliver their goods on time. Occasionally, people communicate between home and work by putting messages inside the boxes; however, with the rise of instant communication such as SMS and instant messaging, this trend is vanishing. Since 1890 ,the year in which the Dabbawalas formally came into existence ,none of its members had ever gone on a strike. This trend was broken in 2011 when the members decided to head towards Azad Maidan to support Anna Hazare in his campaign against corruption. [6] ————————————————- [edit]Economic analysis Each  dabbawala, regardless of role, gets paid about eight thousand rupees per month. In 1998,  Forbes Magazine  found its reliability to be that of a  six sigma  standard. [better  source  needed]  This implies that the Dabbawalas make less than one mistake in every 6 million deliveries, despite most of the delivery staff being illiterate. 7]  More than 175,000 to 200,000 lunch boxes get moved every day by an estimated 4,500 to 5,000  dabbawalas, all with an extremely small nominal fee and with utmost punctuality. The  BBC  has produced a  documentary  on  dabbawalas[citation needed]  and  Prince Charles, during his visit to India, visited them (he had to fit in with their schedule, since their timing was too precise to permit any flexibility). Prince Charles also invited them to his wedding withCamilla Parker Bowles  in London on 9 April 2005. Owing to the tremendous publicity, some of the dabbawalas were invited to give guest lectures in some of the top  business schools  of India, which is very unusual. Most remarkably in the eyes of many Westerners, the success of the dabbawala trade has involved no advanced technology,[8]  except for trains (and as mentioned above, SMS services for booking). The New York Times  reported in 2007 that the 125-year-old  dabbawala  industry continues to grow at a rate of 5–10% per year. [4] [edit]Awards and recognition ISO 9001:2000 certified by the  Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand  [9] ————————————————- [edit]In Media On 28 December 2011, the British series, â€Å"Top Gear† broadcasted the episode â€Å"India Special† where Clarkson, Hammond, and May travel to India for a â€Å"trade mission†. In Mumbai, they ai med to beat the efficiency of the dabbawala by using a car instead of a train. The mission fails when Clarkson, in a rush to beat the train, did not take enough cargo, leaving Hammond to carry Clarkson’s load as well as his own. Hammond accidentally loses and subsequently ruins some of his cargo, and May, trying to take a ring road approach to the station, takes a wrong turn and ends up in the countryside. [10] ————————————————- [edit]References 1. ^  Pathak R. C. (1946, Reprint 2000). The Standard Dictionary of the Hindi Language, Varanasi: Bhargava Book Depot,pp. 300,680 2. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bombay Dabbawalas go high-tech†. Physorg. com. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 3. ^  Mumbai’s amazing Dabbawalas. Rediff. com  (November 11, 2005). 4.   a  b  In India, Grandma Cooks, They Deliver  from  The New York Times 5. ^  BBC News: India’s tiffinwalas fuel economy 6. ^  http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/industry-and-economy/economy/dabbawalas-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-120-years/article2369850. ece 7. ^  The Guardian. A Bombay lunchbox  (June 24, 2002). 8. ^  Ambe rish K Diwanji, â€Å"Dabbawallahs: Mumbai’s best managed business†, Rediff. com, November 4, 2003 9. ^  Mydabbawala. com: Accolades To Dabbawala 10. ^  http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Top_Gear:_India_Special How to cite Mumbai Dabbawalah, Essay examples

Napoleon Essays (613 words) - French Emperors, House Of Bonaparte

Napoleon Although he inspired new social, economic, and political ideas, Napoleon Bonaparte is better known for his military tactics. Even today, his battle plans are used and studied by many in the military. Napoleon, who started out as an extremely short and wimpy foreigner who rose to become Emperor of France, died in 1821 at St. Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic. He was fifty-two years old. Th cause is uncertain: either he was poisoned or he died of a stomach ailment. Bonaparte was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica just as France conquered it. At age ten, Napoleon was sent to military school outside Paris. At sixteen, he graduated and became a lieutenant in the artillery. When the French revolution broke out, Napoleon sided with the new government. Along with the help of his army, he dissolved the revolutionary government and made himself emperor. Saying he was saving the Revolution, Napoleon established a new government that stressed equality. Through his prowess, Napoleon greatly enlarged the French Empire. Though he ran into many problems and was soon defeated, he came back to fight one more battle before his last defeat, and was then taken to St. Helena as a prisoner. Of all his accomplishments, Napoleon's political decisions had the most lasting influence. His guiding principle was that everyone should have an equal chance regardless of their social status at birth. Napoleon believed in a meritocracy, a novel system where people would be placed in positions according to merit and not their birth. Napoleon also established the Napoleonic Code. Through these laws, Napoleon declared all people equal before the law and the three estates of France's old government abolished. Ironically, though he believed in equality, as emperor, Napoleon stood above his new laws for he loved power. As a general, Napoleon is ranked beside the greatest military geniuses. He conquered nearly all of Europe creating an empire that had not been seen since Roman times. Through his military strategy prowess, Napoleon was able to come out as the victor in battles even if he was largely outnumbered. He quickly defeated almost every country from Spain to Russia. Although he did not add every country to France, he established many puppet monarchies that were loyal to him. To complement his influence around France, Napoleon also set up a series of alliances that loosely attached Russia, Prussia, and Austria to his empire. Although Napoleon's empire was great and powerful, it was extremely unstable due to Napoleon's lust for power and pride. He had too much power, for all his alliances and puppet governments were held together only by him and would deteriorate once he began to stumble. Napoleon believed that he could no be defeated. When the British decisively defeated his navy, he tried to stop their imports from coming in but only hurt his empire in doing so. Although Napoleon was at last defeated by the Grand Alliance, it was only accomplished because of his army's weakness after the Russian campaign. Napoleon tried attacking Russia but instead of meeting an army, he met the all-powerful weather of Russia. His army was decimated. Napoleon's lust for power had caused his downfall. Overall, Napoleon was one of the greatest men ever to rule a great empire. Both a military and political genius, he conquered most of Europe in only five years. He also introduced the ideas of meritocracy and equality for all before the law. Although Napoleon had a great lust of power that eventually brought his downfall, overall he was one of the greatest conquerors. He was only struck down by two obstacles: the Russian weather and lust for power. History